JAN VIKAS YUVA SANGATHAN

STUDY @ HOME: Veterinary Female Genital Tract (Animal)

Tuesday, March 26, 2013

Veterinary Female Genital Tract (Animal)


Female Genital Tract

 Ovary —  source of ova & hormones (estrogen and during a      
                        pregnancy progesterone (CL))

Uterine tube: ( Oviduct; “Fallopian tube” )

 - Exits laterally from uterine horn (extends cranially, arcs      
     ventrally, runs caudally, hooks dorsomedially)

-         Terminates medial to ovary in a funnel-shaped infundibulum  
that has fimbriae (villi) 

Uterus:

           1. Cervix  — short, thick muscular wall & narrow  canal
           2. Body  — relatively short in carnivores       
           3. Uterine horns — paired, relatively long
          
Vagina:
  - extends from the vestibule to a fornix at the level of the cervix
  - displays longitudinal folds when not expanded

 Vestibule: 
  - extends from vulval cleft to the transverse fold (hymen) that
     marks the vestibulo-vaginal junction

  - receives the external urethral opening, on a tubercle (dog) or in
     a slit (cat)
        
  - constrictor vestibuli m. (striated) is in the wall of the vestibule
         
  - the wall contains vestibular glands (mucous) — a major
     vestibular gland in the cat
        
-         in the dog, the wall contains an accumulation of erectile tissue = vestibular bulb

Clitoris:    homologue of the penis
         
  - located deep (cranial) to the fossa of the clitoris

  - composed of:  glans = erectile tissue
                             body = fat in a connective tissue capsule
                             crus  = scant erectile  tissue enclosed in        
                                         fibrous c.t.( right & left crura)

Vulva:

   - is composed of left & right labia which bound a vulval cleft
   - constrictor vulvae   m. (striated) is in the wall of each  labium      
   - an indentation, the fossa of the clitoris, is present ventrally


Ligaments associated with the female genital tract:

  1) suspensory ligament of the ovary — extends from ovary to
       dorsal body wall

  2) proper ligament of the ovary — extends between ovary &
       cranial end of uterine horn

  3) round ligament of the uterus — extends from cranial end of
       uterine horn thru inguinal canal

  4) broad ligament (lateral ligament of uterus), which has the
       following subdivisions:

           a) mesometrium;    b) mesovarium;    c) mesosalpinx

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